A fungal nail infection (Onychomycosis), is an infection that is caused by an organism called fungus that lives in damp and warm areas of the toenail.
Fungal infection of the toenails is a common issue that can impact everyone, although it most widely affects people with lower immunity.
Toenail fungus commonly originates as an infection in the skin named tinea pedis (also recognised as athlete’s foot). The fungus often begins underneath the nail fold at the end of the nail. The infection grows under the nail bed and discolours the nail, turning it yellow or brown. It may also cause thickness and malformation of the toenail. Onychomycosis can also be accompanied by a secondary bacterial or yeast infection in or about the nail plate.
It is best to treat the condition as soon as it is noticed. In early cases, over-the-counter anti-fungal treatments, such as Achilles foot treatment etc., could be sufficient. Remember that results may not be visible for up to a year. In more advanced cases, a prescription medication may be necessary.
There are types of treatments available like laser treatment, but their efficiency is an issue as the study has shown mixed results.
In some situations, surgery therapy might be needed. Temporary reduction of the afflicted nail can be made to work with anti-fungal therapy. Removing a chronically painful nail that has not reacted to any other therapies enables the fungal infection to be healed and prevents the return of a deformed nail.
The best way to prevent fungal nails is to maintain good foot hygiene and check your feet and toes often.
Keep the soles of your feet clean and dry, particularly between your toes.
Cleaning the feet with soap and water, ensuring to dry correctly, is the best approach to avoid an infection.
Flip-flops should be worn in public areas.
Shoes, socks, or hosiery should be changed daily.
Nails should be clipped simply across so that the nail doesn't really extend further than the tip of the toe.
Wear shoes that fit comfortably and are made of fabrics that breathe.
Tight stockings, which trap moisture, should be avoided.
Wear cotton or wool socks.
Nails that look infected (red, discoloured, swollen) should not have polish applied to them.
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