Stems, root.
The promotion of mental calmness and concentration during the meditation period of Zen monks was traditionally aided by doses of the ephedra plant. The remedy made from the ephedra also sees widespread and popular use in the herbal medicine of China, the ephedra based remedies are very popular for the treatment of various chills and fevers, in the treatment of coughs, and to treat wheezing in patients, this remedy is often used in combination with another herb called the rehmannia for the treatment of kidney yin deficiency in patients. Disorders like the asthma and seasonal hay fever, and some acute onset diseases such as colds and flu are the conditions currently being treating using herbal remedies made from the ephedra in the Western world. Some distinct effect of the herbal remedies based on the ephedra include an ability to raise blood pressure, these remedies are also known to cool down elevated body temperatures during fevers, and they also help in alleviating conditions such as chronic rheumatism in different individuals. Nasal congestion can be effectively cleared by the herbal remedies made from the ephedra. For this reason, the herbal remedy is utilized in the treatment of many different allergic disorders in affected adult patients - these typically include disorders in the respiratory system and congestion. The most effective role of the ephedra is as a strong stimulant of the central nervous system and is used in this role. However, the absence of substantial clinical evidence negates its role in weight loss, even though the herb has many supporters in this regard - no evidence supports either the safety or the effectiveness of the ephedra as an inducer of weight loss in obesity affected patients and its role as an enhancer or booster of athletic performance is also open to question. Both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure is increased by the ephedra mainly due to the ephedrine content - this is not a pleasant effect and an undesired side effect during the treatment of many disorders. For example, the ephedrine content may bring on palpitations as well as nervousness, as one of its first effects is to increase the heart beat rate, the herb is also known to bring on a headache, it can induce insomnia and sleeplessness, and even dizziness in the short term. While different congestive disorders and asthmatic conditions can be treated effectively using this herbal medication, some of the side effects which can appear make this remedy very inadvisable for uncontrolled use in patients, this is true especially of individual patients who suffer from heart conditions of different types, those suffering from hypertension, and individual affected by metabolic disorders such as diabetes, or by other glandular diseases such as thyroid disease particularly when they are affected by these diseases in the long term.
The ephedra is a an endemic species of east Asia, and grows native in parts of northern China as well as Inner Mongolia, in addition, some ephedra species are also found in isolated populations in the desert areas within Asia. Autumn is the season during which the ephedra is propagated, using the stored seeds, the plant is also propagated by the root division method and this is done during the autumn or the spring, for optimal growth the plant requires well-drained soils and a good supply of water. Harvesting of the ephedra stems is done throughout much of the year, during which the plant is dried and stored for future processing.
The main action of the majority of the alkaloid compounds found in the ephedra plant is that they mimic the action of the fight or flight hormone called adrenaline within the human body, as a result the herbal remedies made from the plant increases the level of alertness and quickens reactions in the person. The initial synthesis of the ephedrine was done in the year 1927, when the compound was extracted from the ephedra; the main and initial use of the extracted compound was as a decongestant and an anti-asthmatic to ward off allergenic reactions in the body of affected patients. As far as the decongestant properties of the alkaloid are concerned, ephedrine is still in common usage, even now in the conventional medical system to treat internal congestion disorders in patients. Both active as well as inert chemical compounds are found in the extracts of the whole herb, these chemical compounds act synergistically in combination and benefit patients in different ways. Significant benefits can accrue from using the whole plant as a remedy and at a much lower dosage instead of the isolated constituents from the plant, therapeutic benefits of the whole plant on the body include the dilation of the bronchial airways and other respiratory air passages, the blood flow to the skin is increased at the same time. The benefit of using the whole herb lies in the fact that side effects are rare during treatment unlike treatments with isolated ephedrine alone.
The ephedra plant can be taken in many forms, dosages differ, the dosage for the crude powdered stems of the ephedra are normally taken at doses of one to four grams every day in the form of an herbal tea as the total ephedrine content is only about one percent. Doses of one to four ml taken thrice daily are the normal dosage regimen for the herbal ephedra tincture. The safe adult dosages for all of the over the counter herbal medications with ephedrine as the main constituent are doses of about 12.5 to 25 mg once, every four hours daily during the treatment period. At any rate, during a twenty four hour period, dosage of the medication in adults must not exceed 150 mg during any period of the treatment regimen. Doses of sixty mg pseudo-ephedrine once every six hours is the typical recommended dose during any treatment.
Whenever it has been used in the suggested doses, the safety record of ephedra has been good and the herbal remedy is not known to bring on any major side effects if taken within limits. Amphetamine like induced side effects have been known to occur in abusers, especially if the herbal medication was taken in large amounts for the express purpose of quick weight loss, some of these physical effects are the elevation in the blood pressure of the person, persistent muscular disturbances, sleeplessness and insomnia, the presence of persistent dry mouth, the appearance of heart palpitations, persistent nervousness, and at times heart failure sometimes resulting in the death of the person. For these reasons, it is suggested that a physician must be consulted by someone with problems like a high blood pressure, chronic heart conditions, metabolic disorders such as diabetes, problems like glaucoma, glandular thyroid disease before using any of the herbal products containing ephedra, a physician must also be consulted before using ephedra by all patients already on a regimen of the MAO-inhibiting anti-depressants. Caution is also advised when using the compound pseudoephedrine especially by someone intending to drive or operating machinery, as the medication is known to induce drowsiness and can impair mental alertness in the person. Pregnant women must avoid taking any ephedra based products during the term of pregnancy and till lactation is completed. Children younger than six years of age must also not be given ephedra based products without medical assent.